Educational device.



PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904 E. W. BARKER. EDUCATIONAL DEVICE.

APPLIOATIONZI'IILED 002mm, 190s.

no MODEL.

Show

, v Z7Z00% 77.15%7/357.

I attozmu UNITED STATES Patented March 29, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

EDUCATIONAL DEVICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,837, dated March29, 1904:.

Application filed October 24:, 1903. Serial No. 178,382- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ENooH W. BARKER, a citizen of the UnitedStates,'residing at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in EducationalDevices, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates particularly to an educational device intended toteach penmanship, and comprises a chart having indices to determine orindicate the slants and curves required in writing and to show theproper positions to be assumed by the pupil in writing and in readingwriting with respect to the paper or material being written on. Thechart comprises a triangular figure, one of the angles being a rightangle and the others being angles indicating inclinations in anestablished writing system, by comparison with which the slants of themain, connective, and base-line strokes incidental to the formation andconnection of written letters are secured, as more fully hereinafterexplained.

- In the accompanying drawings, illustrative of the device, Figure 1 isa plan view of one side or the obverse. Fig. 2 is a plan view of thereverse.

Referring particularly to the drawings, 6 indicates a right-angledtriangular chart, preferably made of cardboard or the like, havingperpendicular edges 7 and 8 of such length, respectively, that thehypotenuse 9 forms an angle of fifty-two degrees with the shorter edge 7and an angle of thirty-eight degrees with the longer edge 8, asindicated on the quadrantal and circular scales 10 and 11 printed on thechart. Also printed thereon is a quadrantal scale 12, on which isindicated an angle of thirty degrees.

In an approved system of writing fifty-two degrees is the proper anglefor the main (usually the down) stroke of a letter and thirty degress isthe proper angle for the connective the base or ruled lines of the papershould bear to the front or base edge of the desk at which the pupilsits. An exemplification of this is printed on the chart, in which thedesk is represented at 13, the chart thereon at 6', and the copy orwriting book at 14. At'each corner of the chart curves are described,that at 15 being the normal curve of a capital-stem, as illustrated inthe reduced exemplification printed on the reverse of the chart andshown in Fig. 2, that at 16 being the curve of a loop or extendedletter, and that at 17 being that of a reversed oval, as alsoexemplified on the reverse of the chart.

In use to teach the pupil to assume the front or proper position forwriting the chart is placed with its rectangular sides parallel to theside and top of the desk and the copybook with its upper edge parallelto the hypotenuse, as shown in the printed diagram 6 in Fig. 1. Theruled lines of the book will then be at an angle of thirty-eight degreesto the base-line of the desk and in proper position for writing. Thepupil will then involuntarily secure the main slant or ninety degreeswhile writing, which when the book is turned to the perpendicular orreading position will bring the main slant or strokes to the properangle of fifty-two degrees, as illustrated on the quadrant 10. Directcomparison may be effected when the book is perpendicular with thequadrants 10 and 11 by reversing the chart, as in Fig. 2, and placingits rectangular edges parallel to the top and side of the book. Thecurves 15, 16, and 17 also afford ocular indications of thecorresponding strokes and means for direct comparison with the finishedwork.

The charts are made in proper size for the use intended and forconvenient carriage with or in the childs book and may containappropriate directions for use printed thereon, of which theexemplifications referred to above are a part. A useful and instructivechart is thus produced for' the purpose intended at small cost andsuitable for individual possession and continual reference.

Having thus fully described the invention, what is claimed as new is 1.A triangular writing-chart in which a portion of the edges are used toindicate the slants of strokes of written letters.

2. A writing-chart, having edges at an angle to each other, one edgebeing a hypotenuse with respect to the others and used as a guide toproperly position the material to receive the written matter, a portionof the edges being used to indicate the slants of the strokes of writtenletters.

3. A writing-chart for application to a support having one edge fordisposition in parallel relation to one edge of said support and anotherangular edge to serve as a guide in disposing the material to be writtenon, the said chart also having other edge structures to serve as guidemeans for indicating the slants of strokes of written letters.

4. A writing-chart having edge structures forming outlines of strokes ofWritten letters.

5. A writing-chart having edges at angles and also provided with edgestructures, a portion of the edges and said structures being used toindicate the slants of the strokes of written letters.

6. A right-angular triangular writing-chart whose hypotenuse is at anangle related to the slant of the strokes of written letters.

7. A writing-chart having an edge related to the angle of strokes ofwritten letters and a corner indicating a stroke of awritten letter.

8. A writing-chart having angular edges, a portion of the edges beingused to designate the slants of strokes of written letters, and alsoprovided with indicia thereon, a part of which is a small reproductionof the chart, for indicating the mode of application of the chart andthe slants of the strokes of Written letters.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. ENOCH W. BARKER.

Witnesses:

FRED L. BUTLER, FRED. M. CAMPBELL.

